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CI/CD & Deployment Pipelines

Continuous integration, continuous deployment, infrastructure as code, and reliable deployment strategies

75 minutes
7Detailed Sections
Senior Level

CI (Continuous Integration): code changes trigger automated builds and tests. Benefits: catch bugs early (seconds vs hours), enable rapid iteration, reduce integration conflicts.

Build pipeline: developer commits code -> version control webhook triggers -> build server clones repo -> build (compile, test, static analysis) -> artifact creation (Docker image, binary, JAR).

Testing stages: unit tests (fast, <1 sec each), integration tests (slower, 1-10 sec), E2E tests (slowest, 10-60 sec). Quality gates: block merge if tests fail or coverage drops, enforce code style checks via linters.

Artifacts: immutable, versioned outputs (Docker images tagged with commit SHA). Tools: Jenkins (open-source), GitHub Actions, GitLab CI, CircleCI, AWS CodePipeline.

Real-world: Google runs 100k+ CI builds/day; GitHub Actions free for open-source; Netflix auto-tests every change before considering for deployment.

Key Takeaways

1
CI Purpose: Automate build and test on every commit; catch bugs in seconds
2
Build Pipeline: Trigger -> Clone -> Build -> Test -> Static Analysis -> Artifact
3
Test Pyramid: Many unit tests (fast), fewer integration, few E2E (slow)
4
Quality Gates: Block merge on test failure, coverage drop, or lint errors
5
Artifacts: Immutable, versioned (Docker tags with commit SHA) for reproducibility
6
Tools: Jenkins, GitHub Actions, GitLab CI, CircleCI; free options available

Visual Diagram

Commit -> Webhook -> Build -> Unit Tests -> Integration Tests -> E2E -> Artifact (Docker image)

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